The upper (right) and lower (left) edges of the thallus, the "body" of the lichen, are visible in this photo. The little black hair-like projections are called cilia, they are often used as aids for identifying lichen species. I received my Lichens of North America book (by Irwin M. Brodo, Sylvia Duran Sharnoff and Stephen Sharnoff), so now I can tentatively identify many of the lichens I find during my travels. The book is a HUGE (~3" thick) reference guide, it is definitely not a field guide that I will carry in my backpack! I'll use the book to try to identify the lichens in this gallery (you'll see the word "possibly" a lot!). Please refer to a professional guide and run the field tests for more accurate identification if you are working on a research paper, as many lichens look alike. I try to be as accurate as possible, but I'm not an expert! :)